|
Title |
Health and human rights in eastern Myanmar
prior to political transition: a population-based
assessment using multistaged household cluster
sampling |
Author(s) |
Parveen K Parmar, Jade Benjamin-Chung, Linda S Smith,et al - Personal Name
|
Subject |
Social Medicine |
Publisher |
Bio Med Central Ltd |
Publishing Year |
2014 |
Specific Detail Info |
Background: Myanmar/Burma has received increased development and humanitarian assistance since the election
in November 2010. Monitoring the impact of foreign assistance and economic development on health and human
rights requires knowledge of pre-election conditions.
Methods: From October 2008-January 2009, community-based organizations conducted household surveys using
three-stage cluster sampling in Shan, Kayin, Bago, Kayah, Mon and Tanintharyi areas of Myanmar. Data was collected
from 5,592 heads of household on household demographics, reproductive health, diarrhea, births, deaths, malaria,
and acute malnutrition of children 6–59 months and women aged 15–49 years. A human rights focused survey
module evaluated human rights violations (HRVs) experienced by household members during the previous year.
Results: Estimated infant and under-five rates were 77 (95% CI 56 to 98) and 139 (95% CI 107 to 171) deaths per
1,000 live births; and the crude mortality rate was 13 (95% CI 11 to 15) deaths per thousand persons. The leading
respondent-reported cause of death was malaria, followed by acute respiratory infection and diarrhea, causing
21.2% (95% CI 16.5 to 25.8), 16.6% (95% CI 11.8 to 21.4), and 12.3% (95% CI 8.7 to 15.8), respectively. Over a third of
households suffered at least one human rights violation in the preceding year (36.2%; 30.7 to 41.7). Household
exposure to forced labor increased risk of death among infants (rate ratio (RR) = 2.2; 95% CI 1.1 to 4.4) and children
under five (RR = 2.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 3.6). The proportion of children suffering from moderate to severe acute
malnutrition was higher among households that were displaced (prevalence ratio (PR) = 3.3; 95% CI 1.9 to 5.6).
Conclusions: Prior to the 2010 election, populations of eastern Myanmar experienced high rates of disease and
death and high rates of HRVs. These population-based data provide a baseline that can be used to monitor national
and international efforts to improve the health and human rights situation in the region. |
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