Produsen Rokok Tolak Keras Pemberlakuan PP Anti Tembakau

Industri rokok nasional akan kembali mendapatkan tekanan. Kali ini, industri rokok mendapatkan tekanan dari dalam negeri seiring pemberlakuan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 109 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengamanan Bahan yang Mengandung Zat Adiktif Berupa Produk Tembakau bagi Kesehatan terhitung 24 Juni nanti.

Di luar negeri, industri rokok dibayangi beleid internasional antiproduk berbahan tembakau yang disebut Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC).

Penerapan PP 109 ini membuat pabrikan rokok meradang. Pengusaha dan petani menentang keras aturan tersebut.

“Aturan itu bukan lagi memberatkan, tapi mematikan kami,” tegas Rusdi Rahman, Ketua Komunitas Perusahaan Rokok Kudus (Koperku) di Jakarta, Jumat (13/6/2014).

Sebagai bukti protes, kemarin sedikitnya 31 pemilik pabrik rokok kecil dari berbagai daerah di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur menggelar aksi di depan Kementerian Kesehatan untuk menentang penerapan PP tersebut.

Para pemilik pabrik dikatakan mengaku tak peduli meski mereka terancam hukuman lima tahun penjara dan denda Rp 100 juta jika tak mematuhi aturan tersebut.

Dalam PP 109 dan produk hukum turunannya yakni Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor Nomor 28 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencantuman Peringatan Kesehatan dan Informasi Kesehatan pada Kemasan Produk Tembakau mengharuskan setiap kemasan rokok memasang gambar bahaya merokok sebesar 40% dari keseluruhan kemasan.

Dengan aturan itu, kata Rusdi, pemerintah telah menggali kuburan bagi ratusan pabrik rokok kecil yang tersebar di berbagai daerah.

Dengan mengubah kemasan, biaya produksi bisa bertambah 15%. Belum lagi, aturan-aturan lain, mulai soal besaran cukai hingga cap bahwa rokok sebagai pembunuh. “Masalah psikologis itu yang paling berat. Kenapa kami dijustifikasi sebagai pembunuh?” ujar Rusdi.

Rusdi, yang juga Direktur Utama Pabrik Rokok Paku Bumi asal Kudus, Jawa Tengah, meminta Menteri Kesehatan Nafsiah Mboi membuat iklan larangan merokok sendiri bukan dibebankan kepada industri.

“Kalau itu kepentingan Menteri Kesehatan ya harusnya Menteri Kesehatan membuat iklan sendiri, bukan dibebankan pada kami,” katanya.

Sikap senada disampaikan Indra G Windiaz, Koordinator Komunitas Kretek wilayah Jakarta, yang menyayangkan sikap Kemenkes yang dinilai diskriminatif terhadap produk lokal.

Menurut Windiaz, merokok bukanlah sesuatu yang bersifat adiksi atau membuat orang kecanduan. “Ini cuma soal kebiasaan,” ujarnya.

Pemerintah menurut Windiaz seharusnya memberi perlindungan masyarakat dari bahaya asap rokok dengan melindungi juga perokok.

“Harus ada himbauan bagi kontraktor untuk membangun tempat khusus perokok yang layak di gedung-gedung dan fasilitas umum sebagai bentuk perlindungan bagi perokok dan bukan perokok, bukan peraturan yang menguntungkan pihak asing,” pungkas Windiaz. (Nrm)

sumber: bisnis.liputan6.com

 

Smoke And Mirrors In Trade Disputes Will Harm Public Health and Weaken Tobacco Control

The 2014 World Cancer Report, issued by the World Health Organisation (WHO), indicates that the number of new cancer cases has reached an all-time high.

On the 19 May 2014, Dr Margaret Chan, the Director-General of the WHO, gave a stirring speech to the 67th Health Assembly on the heavy health burden associated with cancer. Dr Chan was particularly interested in public health measures designed to combat the global tobacco epidemic.

Investor State Dispute Settlement Clauses

Dr Chan expressed her opposition to the use of investor-state dispute settlement clauses by Big Tobacco ‘to handcuff governments’, particularly in respect of lost profits following the introduction of cigarette packaging designed to reduce smoking. In a similar vein, former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard has warned that investor-state provisions give companies ‘a new place to take disputes — a tribunal that stands separate from and above domestic legal systems’.

Philip Morris, an American tobacco and cigarette company, has challenged Uruguay’s graphic health warnings for tobacco products under an investment agreement between Uruguay and Switzerland,as well as Australia’s plain packaging of tobacco products under an investment agreement between Australia and Hong Kong.

There have been parallel problems in the field of access to medicines. Eli Lilly, an American pharmaceutical company, has challenged Canada’s patent laws under an investment clause of the North-American Free Trade Agreement.More generally, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (Unctad) has reported a sharp rise in investor-state dispute settlement disputes.

Such disputes are not an isolated occurrence. Multinational tobacco companies have lobbied for the inclusion of investor-state dispute settlement in submissions to the United States Trade Representative for regional trade deals such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Big Tobacco also intends to use investment clauses as a means of delaying and frustrating the roll-out of the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control across the world.

Plain Packaging of Tobacco Products

Dr Chan’s speech also alluded to the battle over Australia’s plain packaging of tobacco products in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Five countries — Ukraine, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Cuba, and Indonesia — have challenged Australia’s regime of plain packaging of tobacco products in the WTO. The complainants argue that the plain packaging of tobacco products violates the Trips Agreement 1994, which deals with trade-related aspects of intellectual property, as well as the GATT. The countries also allege that Australia has breached articles of the Agreement on Technical Barriers on Trade 1994. These arguments echo the position of the large multinational tobacco companies.

In response, Australia has maintained that the plain packaging of tobacco products is designed to address the global tobacco epidemic identified by the WHO, and to implement the WHO’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Australia has also emphasised that plain packaging of tobacco products is consistent with its international trade obligations under the Trips Agreement 1994, the Agreement on Technical Barriers on Trade 1994, and the GATT.

The five complaints have progressed slowly. There is some concern that the complainants have been stalling and delaying the dispute. In May 2014, WTO Director General Roberto Azevêdo appointed three panellists to examine the dispute against an Australian public health measure requiring tobacco products to be sold in plain packaging in the country. A decision is expected in six months.

A number of leading experts recently highlighted the strength of Australia’s case in a submission and a presentation to the New Zealand Parliament. The submission observed that tobacco companies and their allies were prone to misrepresenting international trade law, by greatly overstating ‘the constraints that international trade and investment agreements impose on governments’ autonomy to regulate in the public interest in general and for public health in particular.’ Australia’s position is strongly supported by countries, such as Ireland and New Zealand, who are also implementing plain packaging of tobacco products.

Are Regional Trade Agreements Bad for Public Health

Dr Chan also expressed reservations about the public health impact of regional trade agreements, such as the TPP and the TTIP. Chan raised concerns about the impact of deals on public health issues, such as access to affordable medicines, as well as tobacco control measures like graphic health warnings, and the plain packaging of tobacco products.She observed that regional trade agreements can have a chilling effect: ‘For bilateral and regional free trade agreements, as well as under World Trade Organization agreements, pressure can also come from fear that trade sanctions may be imposed by trading partners.’

Likewise, former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg has also expressed his concerns that the TPP will promote the free trade in tobacco. Mr Bloomberg has stated that ‘the Obama administration appears to be on the verge of bowing to pressure from a powerful special-interest group, the tobacco industry, in a move that would be a colossal public health mistake and potentially contribute to the deaths of tens of millions of people around the world.’

To conclude, Dr Chan emphasised that ‘health is a smart investment’, and that public health must be prioritised over economic interests. She argued that trade agreements which allow corporations to challenge government policies introduced to protect public health concerns are fundamentally out of step with this reality. Dr Chan looked forward to the development of strategies for a ‘tobacco end game’ that could end tobacco use altogether.

This article was written by Matthew Rimmer, an Australian Research Council Future Fellow, working on Intellectual Property and Climate Change. He is an Associate Professor at the ANU College of Law, and an associated director of the Australian Centre for Intellectual Property in Agriculture. This article was originally published on East Asia Forum and reproduced here with their kind permission.

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source: www.establishmentpost.com

 

Standar Pelayanan Kesehatan di Jakarta Masih Rendah

Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Nafsiah Mboi, memuji pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat di DKI Jakarta. Namun, dia menyebutkan jumlah penduduk yang sakit masih tinggi.

Menteri Kesehatan, Nafsiah Mboi, mengatakan standar pelayanan kesehatan di DKI Jakarta masih berada di angka 20 persen. Idealnya, sebuah daerah berada di kisaran 10-15 persen.

Oleh karena itu, kegiatan preventif (pencegahan) dan promotif (peningkatan kesadaran) harus ditingkatkan.

“Di puskesmas, kegiatan preventif, promotif, diagnosis, pelayanan penyakit kronis harus lebih besar dari layanan kuratif (pengobatan). Kalau tidak dia harus jadi rumah sakit sehingga ini harus dimonitor,” ujarnya saat kunjungan kerja ke Puskesmas Kecamatan Tebet, Selasa (10/6/2014).

Nafsiah menuturkan Jakarta seringkali menciptakan terobosan pelayanan kesehatan yang sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat. Langkah yang diambil itu pun dapat dipraktekan di daerah lain. Jakarta pun dapat dijadikan model pelayanan kesehatan di daerah urban.

Beberapa contoh terobosan pelayanan kesehatan tersebut adalah adanya Sistem Penanganan Gawat Darurat Terpadu (SPGDT) 119, jaminan pelayanan kesehatan bagi pasien ke rumah mereka agar merasa nyaman, kebijakan kerja sama dengan swasta, pemanfaatan tenaga Program Pendidikan Dokter Spesialis (PPDS) di puskesmas untuk ketepatan kasus rujukan, serta pengembangan sistem informasi online untuk layanan rujukan.

Ia juga memuji penyediaan fasilitas kesehatan di rumah susun sewa dan pasar. Nafsiah menilai langkah penyediaan kesehatan tersebut, sebagai konsep modern pelayanan kesehatan yang dekat dengan masyarakat Jakarta.

Namun, bukan berarti pelayanan kesehatan daerah lain dapat diperlakukan sama. “Pelayanan kesehatan di luar Jakarta, seperti Jawa barat, Bangka Belitung, maupun daerah urban seperti Jakarta ini diperlakukan berbeda dapat sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat,” tutur Nafsiah.

Pelaksana Tugas (Plt) Gubernur DKI Jakarta, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, pun mengakui standar pelayanan rumah sakit dan puskesmas di DKI Jakarta masih belum baik.

“Jadi standar suksesnya rumah sakit itu, kalau dia bisa membuat yang sakit enggak lebih dari 15 persen. Sekarang puskesmas kita rata-rata masih 20 persen. Itu sudah dianggap bagus (oleh Menteri Kesehatan), padahal sesuai standarnya masih belum bagus,” ucap pria yang akrab disapa Ahok itu.

Untuk mencapai angka ideal 15 persen, ia menilai seharusnya Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit semakin gencar melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan yang bersifat pencegahan (preventif) dan peyuluhan (promotif).

“Misalnya contoh tadi ibu Menkes bilang, kita malaria sudah diatasin. Tapi kenapa masih banyak yang kena DBD? itu kan berarti lingkunganya belum bersih dan penyuluhannya kurang,” ujar mantan Bupati Belitung Timur itu.

Selain kasus penyakit musiman dan penyakit umum tersebut, ia menilai standar penyuluhan penyakit dengan penanganan khusus masih sangat kurang. Salah satunya adalah penangnan HIV/AIDS.

“Makanya kita minta semua orang Jakarta ini, lakukan VCT (Voluntary Counseling Test). Supaya kita tahu status HIV/AIDS seperti apa. Baru kita bisa obatin. Status AIDS ini naik karena banyak orang enggak tahu status HIVnya,” ucapnya.

Masalah kurangnya tindakan pencegahan dan penyuluhan inilah Ahok menilai standar fasilitas kesehatan masih rendah. “Sebetulnya yang mau kita lakukan, puskesmas itu melakukan preventif dan promotif. Bukan kuratif (pengobatan),” tegas Ahok.

sumber: news.metrotvnews.com

 

Strathclyde academic appointed to World Health Organization panel

An academic at the University of Strathclyde is joining an international panel appointed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to help seek solutions to childhood obesity. Professor John Reilly, of the University’s School of Psychological Sciences & Health, is one of only 17 members of the working group reporting to WHO’s Director General on science and evidence for ending childhood obesity.

The group will be assessing research to inform recommendations to be made by the Director General, Dr Margaret Chan, to the World Health Assembly in 2015.

WHO statistics indicate that at least 40 million children worldwide under the age of five were classed as obese in 2012. The total is projected to rise to at least 70 million by 2025.

Professor Reilly has conducted extensive research into childhood obesity. He has been involved in compiling a global matrix measuring and comparing the physical activity of children in 15 countries and also led the most comprehensive study yet of the association between obesity and academic attainment in adolescence. He is currently involved in childhood obesity prevention research projects in South Africa, Tanzania, Morocco, Bahrain, and Mauritius.

He said: “Childhood obesity remains an urgent problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it is increasing rapidly. It’s linked to non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and heart disease. In these countries, non-communicable diseases are now the major causes of death and the position is getting worse.

“In high-income countries, childhood obesity particularly increased from the late ’80s and has levelled off in the last five years but it could still pick up again.

“We’ll be carrying out a rigorous review of the best evidence on childhood obesity, its economic impact and monitoring, prevention and treatment. This will help to build robust strategies for the Director General’s recommendations on dealing with, and preventing, obesity and its consequences.”

The WHO Director General’s Ad hoc Working Group on Science and Evidence for Ending Childhood Obesity is to meet for the first time in Geneva on 17-20 June. The initiative is part of the overall WHO agenda on non-communicable diseases. Further details on the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity can be seen at http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/end-childhood-obesity/en/ 

source: indiaeducationdiary.in

 

 

Kementerian Kesehatan Bahas Kembali Standardisasi Jasa Medis

Kementerian Kesehatan RI akan membahas kembali standardisasi jasa medis untuk dokter. Hal ini untuk menyikapi persoalan jasa medis di era Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN).

“Jasa medis ini semacam delegasi kepada pihak pelayanan kesehatan. Artinya kepada provider atau rumah sakit untuk mengaturnya,” kata Sekretaris Ditjen Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan Kemenkes RI HM Subuh di Medan, Selasa (10/6).

Jadi, jelasnya, pemerintah menyediakan uang untuk Penerima Bantuan Iuran (PBI) dengan jumlahnya 86,4 juta sasaran dan uangnya ada di Kemenkes RI. Ada juga yang dikelola oleh BPJS Kesehatan sendiri dari eks Askes dan mandiri.

Setelah melakukan suatu pelayanan maka klaim dibayarkan oleh BPJS dalam bentuk satu paket INA CBG’s (Indonesian Case Based Groups). Inilah yang dikelola penuh oleh pelayanan kesehatan yakni rumah sakit, poliklinik atau yang lain-lain.

“Masalahnya saat ini mungkin ada kegamangan, di mana dokter bertanya-tanya aturannya seperti apa. Berapa persen sebenarnya jasa medis tersebut,” sebutnya.

Sebenarnya, lanjut Subuh, secara normal di negara-negara yang telah melaksanakan sistem asuransi kesehatan seperti di Indonesia memang efisiensi dan efektifitas dari pemakaian dana tersebut benar-benar diatur dari pelayanan.

“Tetapi di Indonesia memang katanya masih memerlukan peraturan. Karena belum bisa mereka menetapkan besarannya dan tanda kutipnya dari sisi keadilan. INA CBG’s ini kan sudah digabung dengan tindakan untuk obat-obatan dan juga untuk faktor jasanya. Saya rasa begini, kemenkes sudah berusaha membuat semacam peraturan menteri mengenai masalah itu dan belum dikeluarkan,” ungkapnya.

Tetapi saat ini masih melakukan pembuatan peraturan yang dapat menguntungkan semua pihak. Dengan memberi minimal atau maksimalnya itu berapa dari paket yang ada.

“Kalau peraturan yang dulu itu kan 40:60 artinya 40 persen jasa pelayanan 60 persen untuk operasional. Jasa itu bukan untuk jasa medis, ingat ya tapi jasa pelayanan. Kalau jasa medis itu hanya untuk dokter tapi ini jasa pelayanan terdapat, jasa perawat, jasa dokter, jasa farmasi, jasa gizi, dan jasa orang kantor itu digabung. Karena semua bekerja sama, gak mungkin seorang dokter bekerja sendiri,” terangnya.

Mengenai peraturan menteri itu, sambungnya, dalam waktu dekat harus sudah ada. Karena beberapa kali ia mengikuti rapat dengan menteri dan biro hukum sudah dibahas aturan tersebut. Nantinya, aturan tersebut merupakan pedoman dalam pembagian jasa pelayanan.

“Sekali lagi bukan jasa medis tapi jasa pelayanan yang mulai dari sekuriti dan karyawan dapur mendapatkan jasa pelayanan ini,” tegasnya.

Seperti berita sebelumnya, beberapa dokter di Medan mengeluh karena tidak mengetahui berapa jumlah jasa medis yang diterimanya untuk setiap tindakan medis karena tidak ada transparansi jasa untuk tindakan medis yang mereka lakukan.(YN)

sumber: harianandalas.com

 

Health Minister Warns Tobacco Industry to Start Printing Graphic Images on Cigarette Packaging

Indonesian health minister Nafsiah Mboi has warned the tobacco industry to start printing graphic images associated with harm from smoking on cigarette packets before the June deadline passes.

“The regulation was not issued all of sudden, it has existed since 2009, so the pictorial health warnings should be printed and distributed by June 24,” Nafsiah told the Jakarta Globe on Wednesday.

A government regulation on tobacco control, which was issued in December 2012 following the introduction of the 2009 health law, stipulated that at least 40 percent of cigarette packaging should be covered in images of tobacco-related disease.

The industry was given 18 months to comply with the regulation, but as the deadline nears, the tobacco industry and pro-tobacco lobbyists have argued the start date for the new requirement is unclear.

However, Nafsiah has criticized the Indonesian tobacco industry for stalling.

She said they had no problem following regulations in other countries.

“When they exported their products overseas they didn’t mind at all to print all the graphic images that sometimes comprise 80 percent of the package,” she said. “You use the images abroad but you don’t want to use them in your own country hoping that Indonesians will keep puffing, this is too cruel.”

Nafsiah warned that the 2009 health law clearly stipulated that anyone who produced or imported cigarettes to Indonesia without the pictorial health warning could receive a five year prison sentence or Rp 500 million ($42,000) fine.

While speaking to the Jakarta Globe, Nafsiah also struck out at House Speaker Marzuki Ali, who she said had hampered the ministry’s effort to move forward with ratification of the World Health Organizations’ Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC).

Although it was actively involved in drafting the treaty, Indonesia remains the only country in the Asia-Pacific region not to have ratified the convention.

In December, Indonesian ministries agreed the country must sign the treaty to protect the nation from the danger of tobacco addiction.

But several lawmakers, including Marzuki Ali, sent a letter to president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, which asked him to postpone the signing because a tobacco bill was being deliberated in the house.

“Tobacco farmers needn’t be overly concerned or start holding protests just yet,” Cabinet Secretary Dipo Alam told reporters in March. “I don’t believe the president is in any rush to ratify this convention.”

Nafsiah said that Indonesia’s addiction to tobacco had reached an emergency level, especially for the the poorest 45 percent of households in the country.

“I used to respect the House Speaker but now I am thoroughly disappointed,” she said. “Lawmakers were voted by the public to represent and protect the people, it is very sad that the House Speaker chose to side with the tobacco industry instead of his constituents.”

Tobacco control activists have repeatedly criticized the bill, claiming it was initiated and funded by the tobacco industry to protect their business in a country where public health regulations lag behind much of the rest of the world and where over 37 percent of Indonesian boys between the ages of 15 and 19 were active smokers, according to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Health last year.

Nafsiah said before the present government’s term ended the WHO treaty must be signed.

“Our president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is internationally recognized as a leader in public health sector,” she said. “But some people are regretting that he did not want to leave a legacy to show that he is the president who eventually signed the treaty to join the international community.”

source: www.thejakartaglobe.com

Peneliti WVI: Penanganan Masalah Gizi Harus dngan Data Akurat

Peneliti WVI mengaku bingung karena data yang disampaikan oleh dinas kesehatan dan badan lainnya sangat bervariasi.

KUPANG, Jaringnews.com – Peneliti dari World Vision Indonesia (WVI), Asteria T. Aritonang mengatakan bahwa penanganan masalah kurang gizi dan gizi buruk di Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) harus dimulai dari data yang pasti sebab hingga saat ini terdapat perbedaan data yang diberikan dari pemerintah daerah setempat dan peneliti.

“Ada perbedaan data yang kita dapat soal kasus gizi buruk di NTT. Hasil riset dari pemerintah daerah melalui Dinas kesehatan hanya terdapat 12 persen masalah gizi buruk di NTT, namun temuan penelitian kami pada tahun 2013 lalu, terdapat 29 persen angka gizi kurang dan 1,5 persen gizi buruk di daerah ini,” beber Asteria, Selasa (10/6) petang tadi.

Menurutnya untuk menangani kasus tersebut maka dibutuhkan data yang pasti yang menjadi pegangan pemerintah daerah sehingga tidak salah mengambil kebijakan dan anggaran. “Apabila data tidak pasti maka akan terjadi ketidaksinambungan masalah ini,” katanya.

Terhadap data yang dirilis pemerintah setempat, Peneliti WVI ini mengaku bingung karena data yang disampaikan oleh dinas kesehatan dan badan lainnya sangat bervariasi.

Dia menyarankan, untuk menanggulangi dua masalah kesehatan tersebut disediakan data yang akurat sehingga tidak salah sasaran pada saat mengambil kebijakan, sebab satu kebijakan yang diambil sangat berpengaruh pada bayi dan anak di NTT.

sumbe: jaringnews.com

 

Kemkes Siapkan Jamu Berstandar Ilmiah untuk Tiga Penyakit

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (Balitbangkes) Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemkes) dalam waktu dekat akan menambah jamu saintifik (lolos uji ilmiah) untuk tiga jenis penyakit. Penyakit tersebut, yaitu osteoartritis, haemorroid (wasir), dan dispepsia (maag).

Osteoartritis yaitu gangguan persedian yang ditandai dengan adanya nyeri dan kekakuan pada sendi. Hemoroid adalah pelebaran varises satu segmen atau lebih pembuluh darah vena hemoroidales pada poros usus dan anus. Sedangkan dispepsia adalah rasa nyeri atau tidak nyaman pada perut bagian atas, yang sering dirasakan seperti terdapat gas, rasa penuh, sakit, atau rasa terbakar.

Kepala Balitbang Kemkes, Prof Tjandra Yoga Aditama, mengatakan rencananya ketiga jamu tersebut akan segera disaintifikasi. Saat ini pihaknya sudah berhasil menyediakan dua jamu saintifik, yaitu untuk hipertensi ringan dan asam urat.

“Sampai saat ini baru diuji 24 formula jamu untuk menjadi kandidat formula jamu saintifik, yaitu 19 formula jamu untuk uji klinik pre-post dan lima formula lainnya untuk uji klinik multicenter,” kata Tjandra di Jakarta, Senin (9/6).

Tjandra menambahkan, secara historis, pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan tradisional telah berlangsung lama di Indonesia dalam upaya meningkatkan derajat kesehatan hingga saat ini. Perkembangannya sejalan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat dalam pemeliharaan dan peningkatan kesehatan (health promotion) serta pengobatan dan pencegahan penyakit (prevention and disease cure).

Menilik hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013, Tjandra mengatakan, sebanyak 30,4% rumah tangga di Indonesia telah memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan tradisional. Sebanyak 77,8% rumah tangga di antaranya memanfaatkan jenis pelayanan kesehatan tradisional keterampilan tanpa alat, dan 49,0% rumah tangga memanfaatkan ramuan.

“Pelayanan kesehatan tradisional ramuan juga dikenal luas di Indonesia sebagai jamu dan secara empiris digunakan dalam upaya promotif, preventif bahkan selanjutnya berkembang ke arah kuratif dan paliatif,” ucapnya.

Menurut Tjandra, Indonesia secara konsisten mengangkat kesehatan tradisional ke dalam Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional.​ Dalam meningkatkan pemanfatan obat tradisional, utamanya jamu Indonesia telah memiliki berbagai regulasi dan kebijakan mengenai pengobatan tradisional.

Regulasi yang ada juga diperkuat dengan diterbitkannya Permenkes 003/2010 tentang Saintifikasi Jamu. Regulasi ini antara lain mengatur penyediaan data dan informasi tentang jamu untuk mendukung jamu evidence based decision making dalam upaya pengintegrasian jamu dalam pelayanan kesehatan.

Ia menjelaskan, program saintifikasi jamu atau scientific based jamu development, yaitu penelitian berbasis pelayanan yang mencakup beberapa hal. Di antaranya, etnofarmakologi, formulasi, uji pre klinik, dan klinik. Jamu saintifik yang dihasilkan dari program ini digunakan untuk terapi komplementer di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Jamu ini juga bisa menjadi pilihan masyarakat jika menginginkan untuk mengonsumsinya sebagai subyek dalam upaya preventif, promotif, kuratif, rehabilitatif, dan paliatif.

sumber: www.beritasatu.com

 

Implementasi E-Health di Indonesia Belum Efisien

Ketua e-Indonesia Initiatives Forum Prof Suhono Harso Supangkat mengatakan implementasi E-Health di Indonesia butuh interperobilitas dan arsitektur. Menurutnya, interperobilitas menjadi penting agar bisa berjalan sesuai dengan target yang ditetapkan para pemangku kepentingan.

“Interoperabilitas itu penting untuk e-health karena sifat dari Teknologi Informasi, apalagi di kesehatan sangat perlu bisa berhubungan, kalau tidak ya tidak bisa komunikasi, tidak bisa understanding secara nyata,” kata Suhono Harso Supangkat usai menjadi pembicara di Konferensi E-Health Nasional di Jakarta, Kamis (5/6).

Diungkapkannya, saat ini implementasi e-health masih ada sekat-sekat antar-pemain sehingga tidak efisien. “Ini juga alasan kita dorong ada arsitektur yang jelas untuk e-health ini. Kita tahu kendalanya banyak untuk membuat arsitektur, tetapi ini harus dijalankan karena merupakan satu keniscayaan,” katanya.

Menurut Suhono, jika ada arsitektur dari e-health, akan terlihat ada kejelasan hubungan antar komponen di stakeholder, teknologi, people, dan process. Kata dia, banyak inisiatif terkait pembangunan e-Health baik yang personal, mobile hingga berbasis website tengah dikembangkan pelaku usaha, tetapi persoalannya referensi dan interoperabilitas tetap akan jadi isu utama agar inisisasi-inisiasi bisa berjalan lebih efisien, efektif dan murah.

Lebih lanjut Suharso mengatakan diperlukannya suatu focus grup dari stake holder kesehatan untuk membangun strategi nasional pembangunan e-health secara terkoordinatif. Forum ini kata dia, akan mengusulkan suatu strategi, peta jalan e-health nasional sehingga menjadi lebih mudah untuk diikuti stakeholder dan ada kejelasan arah pembangunan.

“Bisnis model, cloud computing untuk kesehatan juga menjadi pointer penting dalam menuju ke sistem layanan beroreintasi pasien. Tidak ketinggalan pembangunan kesehatan berbasis teknologi harus diperhatikan untuk membantu di daerah masyarakat kurang mampu,” pungkasnya. (jpnn)

sumber: m.jpnn.com

 

Health ministry calls for increase in tobacco taxes

As the minister of Finance prepares to read this year’s national budget on Thursday, the ministry of Health has called for an increase in taxes on tobacco in order to cut down on smoking and reduce thousands of health complications that tobacco causes each year.

The ministry of Health argues that an increase in tax usually forces smokers to quit; it reduces the uptake and use of tobacco products by the youth; and it ultimately lowers consumption rates among continuing users.

Dr Ruhakana Rugunda, the minister of Health, says that every 10 per cent increase in price leads to 8 per cent decrease in consumption. Half of this decrease is attributed to adults quitting smoking and the youth not taking up tobacco products. The other half is due to people who continue to smoke.

Last year, Maria Kiwanuka, the minister of Finance, increased excise duty on cigarettes to Shs 32,000 from Shs 22,000 for Soft cup (whose local content is more than 70 per cent of its constituents), to Shs 35,000 from Shs 25,000 for other soft cup and to Shs 69,000 from Shs 55,000 for Hinge lid respectively.

Rugunda said “taxes on tobacco should be raised annually as this serves the dual purpose of promoting public health and generating more revenue. Government should also allocate a proportion of tax revenue to tobacco control and other health-related programmes.”

Rugunda was speaking during a pre-event to commemorate world no tobacco day celebrated on May 31 every year. The day is intended to encourage a 24-hour abstinence period from all forms of tobacco consumption across the globe.

This year’s theme was, ‘raise taxes on tobacco products; lower deaths.’ Dr Possy Mugenyi, the manager of the Center for Tobacco Control in Africa (CTCA), said failing to raise tobacco taxes means that smoking rates fall at a much slower rate.

Uganda still lags behind the World Health Organization’s (WHO) tax benchmark of 70 per cent.

Statistics from CTCA indicate that nearly 13,500 people die every year in Uganda due to tobacco-related diseases. Moreover, tobacco is related to 71 per cent of lung cancer, 42 per cent of chronic respiratory diseases and 10 per cent of heart and blood vessel diseases. Dr Sheila Ndyanabangi, the health ministry’s tobacco focal point person, says that every day, about 80 youth experiment with tobacco products and more than half of these smoke their first cigarette.

Approximately, 75 per cent of all youth in Uganda have used smokeless tobacco products such as kuber, she said. Smokeless tobacco is a known cause of oral and pancreatic cancer. Currently, the Tobacco Control Bill 2014 is undergoing public debate. The bill proposes an increase in the tax of tobacco products, prohibition of the sale and importation of duty free tobacco products, a ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, and the ban of selling tobacco products to minors among others.

However, a joint statement from tobacco producing companies in the country, which includes British American Tobacco (BAT), Ugandan Tobacco Services Ltd and Continental Tobacco (U) Ltd, notes that if the bill is passed in its present form, government is likely to lose Shs 100bn in revenue.

“The law must make a distinction between the products sought to be regulated and the individual corporate entity that enjoys fundamental rights and freedoms. The law should not seek to ban legitimate trade activities,” reads the statement.

The Tobacco Control bill was supposed to have been passed into law in 2012.

source: www.observer.ug