66th World Health Assembly closes with concern over new global health threat

AFTER seven days of intense discussions, the 66th World Health Assembly (WHA) concluded with agreement on a range of new public health measures and recommendations aimed at securing greater health benefits for all people, everywhere.

In all, 24 resolutions and five decisions were adopted by the nearly 2000 delegates representing the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) member states.

Addressing participants at the closing ceremony, WHO Director-General Dr. Margaret Chan thanked delegates for their efficiency and productivity during the debates. At the same time, she sounded an alarm on a new threat that she warned requires urgent international attention.

“Looking at the overall global situation, my greatest concern right now is the novel coronavirus. We understand too little about this virus when viewed against the magnitude of its potential threat. Any new disease that is emerging faster than our understanding is never under control,” Dr. Chan said. “These are alarm bells and we must respond. The novel coronavirus is not a problem that any single affected country can keep to itself or manage all by itself. The novel coronavirus is a threat to the entire world.”

The President of the 66th World Health Assembly, Dr. Shigeru Omi, spoke after Dr. Chan. “Together we achieved a lot,” said Dr. Omi. “One of the key outcomes of this Assembly is the universal health coverage that is now recognised as the key concept to underpin the work of global health in many years to come.”

Key outputs of this year’s Assembly include:

Budget 2014–2015

The World Health Assembly approved the proposed programme budget in totality for the first time in WHO’s history. The budget for WHO for the next biennium (2014–2015) is $3977 million. It responds to member states’ request for a realistic budget based on income and expenditure patterns.

Disability

A resolution on disability urges member states to implement as States Parties the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; develop national action plans and improve data collection. Member states are encouraged to ensure that all mainstream health services are inclusive of persons with disabilities; provide more support to informal caregivers, and ensure that people with disabilities have access to services that help them acquire or restore skills and functional abilities as early as possible.

The resolution also requests the director-general to provide support to member states in implementing the recommendations of the World Report on Disability; to mainstream the health needs of children and adults with disabilities in WHO’s technical work; to ensure that WHO itself is inclusive of people with disabilities; to support the high-level meeting of the UN General Assembly in September 2013.

e-Health

A resolution on e-Health standardization and interoperability notes the importance of standardized, accurate, timely data and health information to the functioning of health systems and services, while also highlighting that the security of this information, and privacy of personal clinical data, must be protected. Also noted was evaluation of information and communications technologies in health interventions.

The resolution further emphasizes that health-related, global, top-level domain names, (including “.health”) should be operated in a way that protects public health and is consistent with global public health objectives. Names and acronyms of intergovernmental organizations, including WHO, should also be protected.

Global Vaccine Action Plan

Member states reiterated their support to the Global Vaccine Action Plan to prevent millions of deaths by 2020 through more equitable access to vaccines for people in all communities, and for the proposed Framework for Monitoring, Evaluation and Accountability (which is linked to the Commission on Information and Accountability for Women’s and Children’s Health).

Delegates also supported the independent review process to assess and report progress. It acknowledged the leadership demonstrated by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization in this process. Speakers highlighted the need to mobilize greater resources to support low- and middle-income countries to implement the Plan and monitor impact; ensure that support to countries to implement the Plan includes a strong focus on strengthening routine immunization; and to facilitate vaccine technology transfer.

Health conditions in the occupied Palestinian territory

A resolution on the health conditions in the occupied Palestinian territory including east Jerusalem and the occupied Syrian Golan reaffirms the need for full coverage of health services, while recognizing that the acute shortage of financial and medical resources is jeopardizing access of the population to curative and preventive services.

International Health Regulations (IHR)

The newly identified influenza H7N9 and MERS-CoV (novel coronavirus) outbreaks lent even greater relevance to discussions on the IHR. Delegates voiced widespread support for the IHR. The Director-General told delegates that WHO was committed to supporting countries affected by MERS-CoV and to helping “unpack the barriers” standing in the way of the full implementation of the IHR. The Secretariat stressed the need for countries to provide the necessary resources to ensure IHR work can continue in countries and at WHO.

Life-Saving Commodities for Women and Children

The adopted resolution urges Member States to improve the quality, supply and use of 13 life-saving commodities for women and children, such as contraceptives, antibiotics and oral rehydration salts; streamline the process for their registration; and develop plans to increase demand and facilitate universal access. Delegates also noted progress in the follow-up to the recommendations of the Commission on Information and Accountability for Women’s and Children’s Health and called on WHO to continue supporting them in the implementation of these recommendations.

Malaria

Delegates noted the report on progress in implementation of the resolution on global efforts to prevent, control and eliminate malaria. Mortality rates decreased by more than 25% worldwide between 2000 and 2010, but a global funding shortfall threatens to jeopardize further progress. The report highlights surveillance challenges in many endemic countries and notes new WHO-led initiatives to address emerging drug and insecticide resistance. It also underlines that further progress can only be made if malaria interventions are substantially expanded in the 17 most affected countries, which account for an estimated 80% of malaria cases.

Mental Health Action Plan: 2013-2020

A resolution on WHO’s comprehensive mental health action plan 2013-2020 sets four major objectives: strengthen effective leadership and governance for mental health; provide comprehensive, integrated and responsive mental health and social care services in community-based settings; implement strategies for promotion and prevention in mental health, and strengthen information systems, evidence and research for mental health. The plan sets important new directions for mental health including a central role for provision of community-based care and a greater emphasis on human rights. It also emphasizes the empowerment of people with mental disabilities and the need to develop strong civil society and health promotion and prevention activities. The document proposes indicators and targets such as a 20 per increase in service coverage for severe mental disorders and a 10% reduction of the suicide rate in countries by 2020 that can be used to evaluate levels of implementation, progress and impact.

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

The Secretariat reported substantial progress towards the MDGs and their targets – notably in reducing child and maternal mortality, improving nutrition, and reducing morbidity and mortality due to HIV infection, tuberculosis and malaria. Progress in many countries that have the highest rates of mortality has accelerated in recent years, although large gaps persist among and within countries.

The Health Assembly adopted a resolution urging Member States to sustain and accelerate efforts towards the achievement of the health-related MDGs and to ensure that health is central to the post-2015 UN development agenda. The resolution calls on the Director-General to ensure that WHO consultations on the issue are inclusive and open to all regions and to advocate for resources to support acceleration of the MDG targets.

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)

A resolution on NTDs urges Member States to ensure country ownership of prevention, control, elimination and eradication programmes and calls on international partners to provide sufficient and predictable funding. It encourages greater harmonization of support to countries and the development of new technologies to support vector control and infection prevention.

The resolution also calls on WHO to sustain its leadership in the fight against NTDs; to develop and update evidence-based norms, standards, policies, guidelines and strategies; monitor progress, and support Member States in strengthening human resource capacity for the prevention, diagnosis, including vector control and veterinary public health. Many Member States highlighted the particular importance of intensifying efforts to tackle dengue.

Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs)

A global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs (including heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer and chronic lung diseases) comprises a set of actions. When performed collectively by Member States, UN organizations and other international partners, and WHO these actions will set the world on a new course to achieve nine globally agreed targets for NCDs including a reduction in premature mortality from NCDs by 25% in 2025. The action plan also contains a monitoring framework, including 25 indicators to track mortality and morbidity; assess progress in addressing risk factors, and evaluate the implementation of national strategies and plans.

WHO is requested to develop draft terms of reference for a global coordination mechanism through a consultative process culminating in a formal meeting of Member States in November 2013. WHO was also tasked to provide technical support to Member States and to develop a limited set of action plan indicators to inform on the progress made with the implementation of the action plan in 2016, 2018 and 2021.

Pandemic influenza preparedness: sharing of influenza viruses and access to vaccine and other benefits

Delegates noted the first annual report of the pandemic influenza preparedness (PIP) framework. The report covers three main areas: virus sharing, benefit sharing, and governance.

It was noted that many countries still lack basic capacities (i.e. in laboratories and disease surveillance). A similar concern was highlighted on the regulation and deployment of influenza vaccines during a pandemic.

Poliomyelitis: intensification of the global eradication initiative

Delegates endorsed the new Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 to secure a lasting polio-free world and urged for its full implementation and financing. At the same time, the Assembly received stark warning of the ongoing risk the disease poses to children everywhere, with confirmation of a new polio outbreak in the Horn of Africa (Somalia and Kenya). Noting the generous pledges made to support polio eradication at the Global Vaccine Summit, delegates urged donors to rapidly convert these pledges into contributions. The WHA pointed out that this funding was critical for accelerated implementation of the Plan, given the complexity and scale of introducing inactivated polio vaccine worldwide.

Delegates condemned the deadly attacks on health workers in Pakistan and Nigeria, and called on all governments to ensure the safety and security of frontline health workers.

Prevention of avoidable blindness and visual impairment 2014–2019

In the resolution “Towards universal eye health: a global action plan 2014-2019” delegates endorsed an action plan that aims to further improve eye health, reduce avoidable visual impairment and secure access to rehabilitation services. The global target is to reduce the prevalence of avoidable visual impairment by 25% by 2019.

Social determinants of health

The Secretariat noted improved performance in the four areas highlighted a resolution on the outcome of the World Conference on Social Determinants of Health: consideration of social determinants of health in the assessment of global needs for health; support to Member States in implementing the Rio Political Declaration on Social Determinants of Health; work across the United Nations system on advocacy, research, capacity-building and direct technical support; and, advocating the importance of integrating social determinants of health perspectives into forthcoming United Nations and other high-level meetings related to health and/or social development.

Universal health coverage

The WHA adopted a resolution on the importance of educating health workers as part of universal health coverage. Member States expressed their ongoing commitment to ensuring that all people obtain the health services they need without the risk of financial ruin. They emphasized that universal health coverage is not just about health financing but requires strong health systems to provide a range of quality, affordable services at all levels of care.

Member States expressed strong support for WHO’s action plan and reiterated their call for a monitoring framework to help them to track progress towards universal health coverage. Many delegates expressed support that universal health coverage should feature in the post-2015 development agenda.

WHO Reform

The delegates received an update on the progress of WHO reform. Implementation of reform is under way with the majority of the outputs on track. Deliberations highlighted ongoing efforts needed to strengthen WHO’s workforce model to address country needs. Additional work is required to reinforce measurement of performance as part of the reform to demonstrate WHO’s impact at country level. Member States are also expecting the results of the taskforce on roles and responsibilities at the three levels of the Organisation.

Substandard / spurious / falsely-labelled / falsified / counterfeit medical products (SSFFC)

Delegates supported the decision to establish an open-ended working group to identify the actions, activities and behaviours that result in SSFFC medical products. Participants highlighted the need for increased cooperation and collaboration among national (and regional) regulatory authorities including the exchange of best practices and knowledge.

12th General Programme of Work (GPW)

The delegates adopted the GPW outlining the high-level strategic vision for the work of WHO over the next six years. The document explains how the Organization will contribute to the achievement of health outcomes and impacts. The GPW reflects on the changing political, economic and institution context in which WHO is working. It also takes into consideration the current epidemiological and demographic trends and how they could impact on people’s health and health systems in countries. Member States agreed to highlight the importance of antimicrobial resistance and the risk it poses to health gains.

The World Health Assembly is held annually in Geneva, Switzerland and is the decision-making body of the WHO. It is attended by delegations from WHO Member States and focuses on a specific health agenda prepared by the Executive Board. The main functions of the World Health Assembly are to determine the policies of the Organization, appoint the Director-General in election years, supervise financial policies, and review and approve the proposed programme budget.

(source: www.ngrguardiannews.com)

 

DPR Tolak Efisiensi Anggaran Kementerian Kesehatan

Jakarta, PKMK. Komisi IX DPR RI menolak rencana efisiensi terhadap anggaran Kementerian Kesehatan RI tahun 2013. Di samping itu, Komisi IX DPR RI menyetujui usulan tambahan anggaran Kementerian Kesehatan sebesar 4 Triliun Rupiah. Usulan ini akan diperjuangkan secara maksimal melalui Badan Anggaran Komisi IX DPR RI. Demikian kesimpulan rapat antara Kementerian Kesehatan RI dengan komisi tersebut, hari ini di Jakarta (30/5/2013). Ketua Komisi IX DPR RI dr. Ribka Tjiptaning mengatakan, penolakan pemangkasan anggaran itu memiliki latar belakang yang tidak sedikit. Antara lain, operasional Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS Kesehatan) mulai 1 Januari tahun 2014 dan percepatan tercapainya target MDGs Tahun 2015. “Dua hal itu bisa terpengaruh negatif bila anggaran Kementerian Kesehatan dikurangi,” Ribka menjelaskan.

Ia pun mengatakan, selanjutnya Komisi IX DPR RI akan melakukan konsinyering dengan pejabat eselon I Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mendalami lebih jauh tentang anggaran Kementerian Kesehatan RI dan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara Perubahan (APBNP) 2013. Dalam rapat tersebut, sejumlah legislator dari berbagai fraksi menyatakan menolak pemangkasan anggaran tersebut. Zuber Safawi dari Partai Keadilan Sejahtera menyatakan keharusan pengurangan anggaran itu oleh Kementerian Keuangan RI. Padahal, sebelumnya anggaran tersebut telah dicermati dan disepakati bersama. “Apakah DPR RI dianggap bodoh semua oleh Pemerintah RI,” dia beretorika.

Sementara, Profesor Dina Mahdi dari Partai Demokrat mengatakan, kalaupun ada efisiensi anggaran, beberapa pos penting jangan dikurangi. Itu seperti anggaran untuk program dokter pegawai tidak tetap (PTT) ataupun program dokter internship. Anggaran untuk dua hal tersebut jangan dihapus, tapi tetap ada melalui mekanisme realokasi. Adapun Matri Agung dari Partai Keadilan Sejahtera berkata: “Dari pengurangan subsidi harga bahan bakar minyak (BBM) subsidi, Pemerintah Indonesia menghemat Rp 30 triliun. Tapi kok malah Kementerian dan Lembaga Negara masih diharuskan memangkas anggaran.” Oleh karena itu, kurang tepat bila Komisi IX menyetujui pemangkasan anggaran Kementerian Kesehatan. “Mengapa di saat APBNP ada pengurangan anggaran? Jangan-jangan, di awal sudah dialokasikan bahwa nanti ada efisiensi itu,” ucap Matri Agung.

 

Efisiensi Anggaran Kemenkes

Jakarta, PKMK. Menteri Kesehatan RI Nafsiah Mboi mengatakan, efisiensi anggaran yang dilakukan di Kementerian Kesehatan RI merupakan upaya untuk menghindari pelanggaran terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2012 tentang Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) 2013. Undang-Undang itu mengharuskan defisit anggaran tidak melebihi 3 persen. Sementara, pergerakan ekonomi makro menyebabkan defisit tersebut melebihi angka tersebut. Maka, Pemerintah Indonesia mengambil sejumlah langkah seperti mengurangi subsidi harga bahan bakar minyak (BBM) subsidi, dan melakukan efisiensi anggaran di Kementerian ataupun Lembaga Negara. “Kondisi ekonomi makro telah menyebabkan tekanan terhadap pendapatan negara,” kata diadi Jakarta (30/5/2013).

Terkait efisiensi, tidak seluruh pos bisa dikurangi anggarannya. Itu terutama anggaran prioritas nasional di bidang kesehatan. Seperti yang terkait Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional (SJSN) dan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) Tahun 2010-2014. Demikian juga yang terkait remunerasi pegawai Kementerian Kesehatan, belanja modal, dan lain-lain. Apabila efisiensi anggaran Kementerian Kesehatan RI harus dilakukan di kisaran Rp 1,9 triliun, untuk Juni-Desember 2013 hanya tersisa sekitar Rp 1 triliun untuk seluruh aktivitas. Hal itu tentu menyebabkan sejumlah target tidak tercapai. “Antara lain, target di RPJMN, percepatan pembangunan kesehatan di Papua Barat, dan lain-lain. Itu bisa tidak terdanai optimal,” kata Menteri Nafsiah.

Apabila efisiensi sebesar Rp 1,9 triliun itu tetap dilakukan, Kementerian Kesehatan akan mengajukan tambahan anggaran sebesar Rp 4 triliun melalui mekanisme Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara Perubahan (APBNP) 2013. “Bagi Kementerian Kesehatan, efisiensi anggaran jelas merupakan satu hal yang berat. Kami sebenarnya tidak menyetujui begitu saja pemotongan tersebut,” kata Menteri Nafsiah.

 

BPJS Perlu Disertai Standar Pelayanan Medik Nasional

Jakarta, PKMK. Layanan Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS Kesehatan) perlu disertai dengan sebuah standar pelayanan medik nasional. Dengan demikian, kemungkinan kekisruhan seperti yang sempat terjadi belum lama ini di program Kartu Jakarta Sehat (KJS), bisa diminimalkan. Dengan standar pelayanan medik, manajemen rumah sakit tidak akan lagi keberatan karena perhitungan biaya yang dimiliki BPJS Kesehatan sangat jelas, ungkap dr. Marius Widjajarta, pengamat kebijakan kesehatan di Jakarta (29/5/2013). Langkah pertama yang perlu dilakukan adalah membuat standar pelayanan medik. Barulah semua pemangku kepentingan diundang untuk berdiskusi membuat skema riwayat perjalanan penyakit atau clinical pathway, kemudian unit cost dibuat. “Dari sini, barulah persoalan selesai. Tidak bakal ada ramai-ramai lagi,” kata Marius.

Kondisi saat ini penuh ketidakpastian. Indonesia Case Base Group (Ina CBG) yang digunakan di KJS adalah keluaran tahun 2009. Kementerian Kesehatan RI sekarang sedang membuat Ina CBG terbaru untuk mendukung berjalannya BPJS Kesehatan. Akan tetapi, itu belum disertai dengan standar pelayanan medik nasional. “Alangkah baiknya bila standar tersebut lebih dulu ada. Dengan demikian, standar layanan yang diberikan ke pasien bisa lebih terjamin, kita bisa tahu mutu layanan,” ucap Marius.

Bila nilai premi penerima bantuan iuran (PBI) di BPJS Kesehatan Rp 15.000-an per orang per bulan seperti yang direncanakan Kementerian Keuangan RI, mutu layanan ke pasien sulit diharapkan baik. Bila didahului oleh standar pelayanan medik nasional, standar layanan yang sama bisa terjadi. Rumah sakit pun tidak meributkan skema tarif karena ada standar yang jelas. Audit ke mutu layanan juga bisa dilakukan. “Sebenarnya, semua itu bukan soal yang rumit kalau ada standarnya. Basisnya adalah standar pelayanan medik nasional yang memungkinkan pasien miskin mendapatkan standar pelayanan yang sama,” Marius mengatakan.

 

Kadin Harap Pemerintah Hapus Bea Masuk Alat Kesehatan

JAKARTA–Kamar Dagang dan Industri (Kadin) Indonesia mengharapkan pemerintah menghapus bea masuk untuk alat-alat kesehatan guna menekan biaya kesehatan di Indonesia.

“Salah satu alasan biaya kesehatan mahal akibat adanya bea masuk untuk alat-alat kesehatan, jika dihapuskan maka bisa diperkirakan estimasi penurunan biaya kesehatan sebesar 30 persen,” kata Wakil Ketua Komite Tetap Kebijakan Kesehatan Kadin Indonesia, Herkutanto di Jakarta, Rabu (29/5/2013).

Herkutanto mengatakan selain permasalahan bea masuk tersebut, mahalnya bahan baku obat-obatan juga menambah beban biaya pengobatan untuk masyarakat.

“Jika terkait dengan masalah tenaga kerja, kita masih bisa meningkatkan, namun jika bahan baku dikenai pajak dan alat kesehatan (alkes) harus menanggung bea masuk, maka akan sulit,” kata Herkutanto.

Herkutanto mencontohkan beberapa produk yang harus diimpor adalah produk-produk yang memiliki teknologi tinggi seperti Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), CT scan, berbagai macam alat-alat diagnostik dan anastesi.

“Yang kita perlukan adalah alat-alat yang memiliki teknologi tinggi dan belum bisa diproduksi di Indonesia,” kata Herkutanto.

Herkutanto menjelaskan bahwa dengan adanya modal yang sangat tinggi ditambah bea masuk dan pajak tersebut, maka biaya kesehatan juga menjadi sangat tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan negara tetangga. Herkutanto menambahkan, seperti pada kasus mundurnya 16 rumah sakit dari program Kartu Jakarta Sehat (KJS), salah satu penyebabnya adalah tingginya biaya untuk alat-alat dan bahan baku obat.

Seperti diketahui, sebanyak 16 rumah sakit menyatakan mundur diri dari program KJS. Dari jumlah tersebut, dua rumah sakit telah mengundurkan diri secara resmi, sedangkan 14 lainnya baru menyatakan pengunduran diri secara lisan. Pada perkembangannya, Dinas Kesehatan (Dinkes) DKI Jakarta menyatakan, sebanyak 14 rumah sakit yang sempat menyatakan mengundurkan diri secara lisan tersebut kembali bergabung dalam program kesehatan itu.

Sebanyak 14 rumah sakit tersebut, antara lain Rumah Sakit (RS) Bunda Suci, RS Mulya Sari, RS Satya Negara, RS Firdaus, RS Islam Suka Pura, RS Husada, RS Sumber Waras, RS Suka Mulia, RS Port Medical, RS Puri Mandiri Kedoya, RS Tria Dipa, RS JMC, RS Mediros dan RS Restu Mulya.

Sementara itu, dua rumah sakit yang telah resmi mengundurkan diri dari program KJS, yaitu RS Thamrin dan RS Admira.

(sumber: www.solopos.com)

 

World No Tobacco Day 2013: WHO wants tobacco advertising banned

The World Health Organisation (WHO) Wednesday called on nations to ban all forms of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship to help reduce the number of tobacco users and keep young people from becoming addicted. As the May 31 World No Tobacco Day approaches, Douglas Bettcher, director of the WHO’s Prevention of non-communicable Diseases Department, said most tobacco users start their deadly drug dependence before the age of 20. The theme of this year’s World No Tobacco Day campaign is ‘Ban tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship’.

‘Banning tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship is one of the best ways to protect young people from starting smoking as well as reducing tobacco consumption across the entire population,’ Xinhua quoted Bettcher as saying in a statement. Research shows that about one-third of youth experiment with tobacco as a result of exposure to tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Worldwide, 78 percent of young people aged 13 to 15 have reported regular exposure to some form of tobacco advertising, according to the WHO.

Bettcher said targeting ‘women and children in developing countries’ was the ‘last frontier’ of the tobacco industry. He warned that the tobacco industry has been finding new tactics to target potential smokers, including handing out free cigarettes, using online and new media, and placement of tobacco products and brands in films and television. ‘That is why the ban has to be complete in order to be fully effective,’ he said. The WHO’s report on the global tobacco epidemic in 2011 showed that only 19 countries have reached the highest level of achievement in banning tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, while more than one third of countries have minimal or no restrictions at all.

According to the ‘2012 Global Progress Report on Implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)’, 83 countries introduced a comprehensive ban on all tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Currently, tobacco kills nearly six million people every year and the WHO estimated that the weed will kill more than eight million by 2030. Read on to find out how you’re being manipulated by tobacco companies.

(source: health.india.com)

Proteksi Data Rekam Medis KJS

Jakarta, PKMK. Data rekam medis yang direncanakan disimpan dalam chip di Kartu Jakarta Sehat (KJS) sebaiknya diberi proteksi. Bentuk proteksi itu bisa berupa password ataupun PIN. Dengan demikian, seandainya KJS hilang dari pemegangnya, data rekam medis itu tidak mudah disalahgunakan pihak lain, ungkap dr. Erik Tapan, pengamat informatika kedokteran dari Perhimpunan Informatika Kedokteran Indonesia (Pikin) di Jakarta (29/5/2013). Erik mengatakan, hal lain yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kapasitas penyimpanan (memori) chip di KJS itu. Kapasitas tersebut kemungkinan tidak besar. Maka, langkah ini harus diambil untuk mengatasi hal itu. “Sebaiknya, data tersebut disimpan dalam server. Sehingga kapasitasnya lebih besar,” kata direktur Klinik L’ Melia tersebut.

Terlepas dari kelemahan tersebut, keberadaan chip penyimpan data rekam medis di KJS itu berpotensi mendorong terbentuknya jaringan rekam medis elektronik antar-rumah sakit ataupun antar-banyak lembaga. “Sejauh ini, beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta sudah merintis jaringan itu. Tapi masih terbatas dalam satu grup,” kata alumnus Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi (Manado) tersebut. Kini di Indonesia, rumah sakit yang menggunakan rekam medis elektronik cukup banyak. Namun, masih dijalankan bersama dengan rekam medis manual. Penyebab hal itu, pertama, persoalan infrastruktur (hardware ataupun software) yang mahal. Maka, rumah sakit banyak yang membuat rekam medis elektronik dengan menggandeng perusahaan lokal. Di sini, rumah sakit tidak serta merta beralih penuh ke rekam medis elektronik. Kedua, tenaga medis di rumah sakit banyak yang belum terlalu familiar dengan rekam medis elektronik. “Meski begitu, kini hal itu mulai teratasi,” kata Erik. Di beberapa negara maju, data rekam medis pasien dikumpulkan dalam satu server. Kata Erik, “Kemudian, dengan persetujuan si pasien, data tersebut bisa diakses secara elektronik oleh rumah sakit lain.”

 

Kenaikan BBM Tak Pengaruhi Permintaan Obat

Jakarta, PKMK. Kenaikan harga BBM subsidi yang mungkin sebentar lagi akan terjadi, tidak akan berpengaruh kepada tingkat konsumsi obat secara nasional. Walau harga obat naik, permintaan dari pasien tidak akan turun. Khususnya untuk obat resep yang harus dikonsumsi rutin oleh konsumen. Kemungkinan yang berubah hanya pola konsumsi. “Kalaupun ada penurunan permintaan, paling-paling hanya sebentar. Lalu kembali normal,” ujar Djoko Rusdianto, Corporate Secretary PT Kimia Farma, di Jakarta (29/5/2013). Bagaimana contoh perubahan pola konsumsi itu? Kata Djoko, pembelian obat dengan copy resep akan bertambah. Tablet yang harus dikonsumsi 12 buah dalam sebulan, dibeli di apotek enam buah dulu; dan sisanya ditebus belakangan. “Walau ada pola konsumsi yang berubah, total permintaan secara kumulatif tidak akan turun. Obat adalah produk yang tidak ada subsitusinya,” kata Djoko.

Tingkat permintaan obat generik yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat menengah ke bawah pun, diperkirakan tidak terpengaruh oleh efek kenaikan harga BBM subsidi. Seandainya harga BBM subsidi jadi naik, Kimia Farma akan mengusulkan kenaikan harga obat generik ke Pemerintah Indonesia selaku regulator harga. Materi yang disampaikan ke Pemerintah Indonesia adalah persentase ideal kenaikan harga serta sejumlah data dan angka yang terkait. “Sementara, untuk obat non generik, naik atau tidaknya harga bisa kami tentukan sendiri. Hal ini bisa pula dilakukan oleh produsen lain,” Djoko mengatakan.

Harga BBM subsidi merupakan variabel yang signifikan bagi total biaya produksi obat. Kenaikan harga BBM subsidi menimbulkan efek berlipat berupa kenaikan biaya transportasi, bahan baku, dan lain-lain sejenis. Secara tidak langsung, kenaikan harga BBM subsidi berpengaruh kepada variabel harga pokok obat; tatkala harga BBM itu naik, tarif listrik pun naik. “Sementara, pabrik Kimia Farma pun mengandalkan daya listrik. Pabrik yang menggunakan pembangkit listrik sendiri, mengonsumsi BBM,” kata dia. Jadi, industri farmasi nasional pasti akan menaikkan harga jual obat bila harga BBM subsidi dinaikkan. Persentase kenaikan harga obat ditentukan oleh tingkat dampak kenaikan harga BBM subsidi.

 

70% Penduduk Indonesia Alami Gigi Berlubang

Jakarta – Sebanyak 70 persen penduduk Indonesia atau setara dengan 150 juta orang menderita gigi berlubang rata-rata sebanyak lima buah gigi.

Hal tersebut diungkapkan Ketua Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia (PDGI) Dr drg Zaura Anggraeni MDS di sela seminar GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) dan Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia (PDGI) bertajuk Laksanakan Program Kerja Tingkatkan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Warga Lansia di Jakarta, Selasa (28/5).

Dokter gigi yang akrab disapa Rini mengatakan, data tersebut berdasarkan Riskesda 2007. Ia menambahkan, rata-rata kondisi lima gigi berlubang tersebut sangat memprihatinkan.

Rini menjelaskan, dari lima gigi yang berhasil ditambal tidak sampai satu gigi. Satu gigi lainnya, lanjut dia, masih dalam keadaan terbuka. “Sedangkan sisanya dalam keadaan harus dicabut atau bahkan kondisi gigi yang busuk,” ungkap Dr Rini.

Lebih lanjut Dr Rini menjelaskan banyaknya gigi berlubang tersebut disebabkan kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia menjaga kondisi kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Ia pun menambahkan lima gigi berlubang tersebut berisiko dicabut atau akan ompong.

Jika sudah ompong, lanjut Rini, sebaiknya segera digantikan dengan gigi tiruan atau minimal satu bulan setelah gigi dicabut atau tanggal. Hal tersebut untuk menjamin kestabilan gusi dan rahang mulut.

“Bahkan jika tidak diganti akan mempengaruhi pencernaan. Sebab, gigi digunakan untuk mengunyah makanan merupakan sumber gizi yang dibutuhkan tubuh,” papar Rini.

(sumber: www.beritasatu.com)

 

Pelayanan Kesehatan Tidak Boleh Diskriminatif

Pangkep – Perhatian pemerintah kabupaten Pangkep terhadap kesehatan masyarakat yang mendiami wilayah kepulauan masih minim. Selain fasilitas medis yang belum terpenuhi, layanan dokter diakui masih sangat jarang menyentuh warga pulau.

Bupati Pangkep Syamsuddin A Hamid mengakui hal tersebut adalah sebuah tantangan bagi pemkab dan Ikatan Dokter Indonesia (IDI) Pangkep untuk menuntaskan masalah kesehatan penduduk kepulauan. Tantangan tersebut adalah bagaimana memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang baik dengan kualitas yang sama dengan wilayah daratan.

“Jangan ada perbedaan pelayanan antara masyarakat kepulauan dan daratan. Semuanya harus dilayani sesuai dengan standar pelayanan kesehatan, baik pelayanan kesehatan gratis maupun tidak gratis,” tegas Syamsuddin, saat menghadiri pelayanan kesehatan gratis bagi masyarakat pulau di Pulau Sabutung Desa Mattiro Kanja Kecamatan Liukang Tupabbiring, pekan lalu.

Untuk itu seluruh dokter yang bertugas di Pangkep, tambah Syamsuddin, harus memiliki rasa tanggung jawab tinggi dan pengabdian yang tulus. Bukan sekadar meminta hak, tapi juga harus mengutamakan kewajiban dengan pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat.

Apalagi saat ini, kata dia, ada dua program utama yang digenjot oleh pemkab untuk mengeluarkan predikat Pangkep sebagai daerah tertinggal pada 2014 mendatang. “Ukuran kesejahteraan itu jangan selalu diukur dengan uang,” tandasnya.

Sementara itu Ketua IDI Pangkep, dr Isreny SPKJ mengatakan, meskipun sudah ada puskesmas namun fasilitas dan peralatan medis yang dimiliki belum menyamai daratan. Maka, dalam rangka memperingati Hari Bakti Dokter Indonesia (HBDI) 2013 ke-105, ada 15 dokter yang disiapkan untuk melakukan pelayanan kesehatan gratis yang dipusatkan di Pulau Sabutung tersebut.

Pelayanan kesehatan gratis ini meliputi, pengobatan massal, pelatihan hiperbarik untuk nelayan dan penyelam tradisional, serta pengobatan filariasis (kaki gajah).

“Selama ini kesehatan gratis hanya dilaksanakan di daratan. Ini juga adalah bentuk perhatian kami kepada masyarakat pulau yang butuh pelayanan medis yang lebih baik,” kata dr Isreny. (yuk/yan)

(sumber: www.fajar.co.id)