Modul 2.A.1. Karakteristik Health Policy and System Research
dan Policy Research

  Deskripsi

merupakan Modul ini membahas isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan Riset Kebijakan dan Sistem Kesehatan antara lain tentang pembiayaan, pengorganisasian, penyelenggaraan dan pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan serta bagaimana menetapkan prioritas, menyusun, dan mengimplementasikan kebijakan kesehatan. Pembahasan tersebut menjadi pengantar untuk memahamkan akan karakteristik Riset Kebijakan dan Sistem Kesehatan.
 

  Tujuan pembelajaran

Setelah mempelajari karakteristik Riset Kebijakan dan Sistem Kesehatan, diharapkan:

1. Peserta mengetahui karakteristik Riset Kebijakan dan Sistem Kesehatan.
2. Membantu para peserta untuk menyiapkan tema atau topik yang akan diajukan dalam penyusunan proposal penelitian sesuai dengan lingkup, batasan dan karakter Riset Kebijakan dan Sistem Kesehatan, atau menggunakan batasan Riset Kebijakan 
    

  Hand-out

Dalam Hand-out ini harap dicermati dua definisi mengenai:

1. Health Policy and Systems Research; dan
2. Policy Research.

Definisi pertama berasal banyak dari buku Lucy Gilson sementara definisi kedua berasal dari buku-buku yang membahas kebijakan dari ilmu-ilmu sosial. Sangat menarik untuk membandingkan kedua definisi tersebut.

1. Definisi HPSR

Health policy and systems research (HPSR) is defined as a Field

... that seeks to understand and improve how societies organize themselves in achieving collective health goals, and how different actors interact in the policy and implementation processes to contribute to policy outcomes. By nature, it is interdisciplinary, a blend of economics, sociology, anthropology, political science, public health and epidemiology that together draw a comprehensive picture of how health systems respond and adapt to health policies, and how health policies can shape − and be shaped by − health systems and the broader determinants of health. (Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, 2011.)

Dari definisi tersebut kita dapat menemukan karakteristik penting dalam HSPR antara lain :

1. HSPR is a multidisciplinary research field, distinguished by the issues and questions addressed through the research rather than by a particular disciplinary base or set of methods;
2. includes research that focuses on health services as well as on the promotion of health in general;
3. includes concern for global and international issues as well as national and sub-national issues, as global forces and agencies have important influences over health systems in low- and middle-income countries; encompasses research on or of policy, which means that it is concerned with how policies are developed and implemented and the influence that policy actors have over policy outcomes – it addresses the politics of health systems and health system strengthening;
4. promotes work that explicitly seeks to influence policy, that is, research for policy.

An integrated approach

Importantly, HPSR brings together health policy and organizational dynamics of health systems, which is a health systems work into one research field, as there are critical and often overlooked element of health four linkages between these apparently separate areas of system functioning. work, as listed below.

1. Health policies can be seen as the purposeful and of work – health policy and health systems – overlap. Deliberate actions through which efforts are made to. Together they provide the knowledge base relevant to strengthen health systems in order to promote strengthen health systems whilst also showing how population health. knowledge and other .forms of power together influence
2. Health policy actions must not only be informed by policy decision-making. In these ways, HPSR work always an understanding of the current dynamics of health seeks to be policy relevant.system functioning and performance, but are also sustained, or undermined, by whether and how theyfind expression in the health system.
3. A better understanding of the politics of health policy change, the actors and interests driving the processes through which policies are developed and implemented, contributes to understanding how to influence policy and take action to strengthen health system.
4. A spesific focus on implementation allows for and requires a better understanding of the organizational dynamics of health systems, which is a critical and often overlooked element of health system functioning.

Perlu diperhatikan bahwa dalam aplikasinya ada dua area kerja yang berbeda dalam riset kebijakan dan sistem kesehatan atau HSPR yaitu – (1) kebijakan kesehatan (health policy) dan (2) health systems – yang akan beririsan dan tumpang tindih, namun keduanya saling berinteraksi bersama dalam proses penetapan kebijakan (policy decision-making).

Point-point penting:

2. Definisi Policy Research

(Source :Methods For Policy Research : Applied Social Research Methods Series ; v.3), Ann Majchrzak. Sage Publications : Newbury Park, London, New Delhi, 1984)

Policy Research, therefore, is defined as the process of conducting research on, or analysis of, a fundamental social problem in order to provide policymakers with pragmatic, action-oriented recomendations for alleviating the problem. Policy research is unique in focusing on action-oriented recommendations to fundamental social problem. Figure 1. presents a simplified typology of different research procesess.

Berdasarkan gambar tersebut terlihat bahwa policy research memiliki tingkat orientasi aksi (Action-Orientation) yang tinggi atau strategis serta lebih berfokus pada masalah - masalah sosial fundamental.

Characteristics of Policy Research Studies :

1. Multi dimensional in focus
2. Uses an empirico-inductive research orientation
3. Incorporates the future as well as the past
4. Respond to study users
5. Explicity incorporates values
    

  Referensi

Lucy Gilson, ed. (2012). Health Policy and Systems Research: A Methodology Reader
Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization

Ann Majchrzak. Methods For Policy Research : Applied Social Research Methods Series ; v.3),. Sage Publications : Newbury Park, London, New Delhi

  Tugas

Dengan mengacu pada definisi dan beberapa karakteristik Riset Kebijakan dan Sistem Kesehatan

1. Jelaskan usulan topik atau tema proposal penelitian yang anda ajukan memiliki keterkaitan dengan Riset Kebijakan dan Sistem Kesehatan.
2. Ataukah anda cenderung menggunakan definisi Policy Research?

File ditulis dalam word dan diberi kode: XYYYM2A1.doc dan dikirim sebagai attachment.
Keterangan:

X        = nomor fasilitator anda.
YYY    = kode nama peserta
M2A1   = Modul2A1

 Kirim tugas ke This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. 

Jangan lupa memberi cc ke email setiap fasilitator yang telah ditunjuk untuk anda.
Tugas paling lambat dikirim hari Rabu tanggal 10 April pukul 24.00.