TOR
Seminar: Ideologi dalam Kebijakan JKN
Pusat Kebijakan dan Manajemen Kesehatan
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada
PENGANTAR
Ketika sebuah negara mengembangkan sistem kesehatan untuk rakyatnya, selalu ada pertanyaan yang menarik untuk dijawab: adakah ideologi yang menjadi landasan nilai?. Ketika kebijakan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional dicanangkan dengan UU SJSN dan UU BPJS, pertanyaannya adalah apakah ada ideologi yang menjadi dasar penyusunan dan apakah konsekuen dijalankan dalam pelaksanaannya. Tanpa ada landasan nilai ideologi yang dipegang, sistem jaminan kesehatan yang berbasis asuransi kesehatan dapat berubah dari semangat dasarnya. Landasan ideologis ini juga menjadi dasar keputusan menjalankan kebijakan pembiayaan seperti yang terjadi saat ini, ketika Obamacare dihapuskan oleh Donald Trump.
TUJUAN
- Membahas makna ideologi dalam jaminan kesehatan.
- Ideologi apa yang de jure dan de facto ada di UU SJSN dan UU BPJS?
- Bagaimana posisi ideologi dalam Monitoring dan Evaluasi Kebijakan JKN.
PESERTA
Peserta kegiatan ini adalah:
- Anggota Community of Practice Pembiayaan Kesehatan dan JKN
- Mahasiswa S2 HPM FK UGM
- Alumnus S2 IKM
- Peneliti, Praktisi, dan Akademisi
AGENDA
Diskusi ini diselenggarakan pada Rabu, 1 Februari 2017, pukul 08.30 - 10.30 WIB; bertempat di Gd. Ruang Kuliah S3 Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Arsip rangkaian kegiatan Monev JKN 2017 dapat diakses selengkapnya pada website www.kebijakankesehatanindonesia.net dan http://manajemen-pembiayaankesehatan.net
Materi dan video dapat diklik dan diunduh melalui kedua web tersebut.
PEMATERI
- Prof. dr. Laksono Trisnantoro, M.Sc., Ph.D
PEMBAHAS
- Prof. Purwo Santoso (FISIPOL UGM)
- Prof. Wihana Kirana Jaya (FEB UGM)
SUSUNAN ACARA
Waktu |
Materi |
Pemateri/ Pembahas |
08:30-08:40 |
Pembukaan |
Moderator |
08:40-09:20 |
Idelogi dalam JKN |
Prof. dr. Laksono Trisnantoro
materi video
|
09:20-10:00 |
Pembahasan |
Pembahas:
Prof. Wihana Kirana Jaya
materi
Prof. Purwo Santoso
materi video
|
10:00-10:30 |
Diskusi |
Pemateri/ Pembahas |
10:30 |
Penutup |
Moderator |
INFORMASI & PENDAFTARAN
Maria Lelyana (Lely)
Pusat Kebijakan dan Manajemen Kesehatan
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta
Telp/Fax. (0274) 549425 (hunting), 081329760006 (HP/WA)
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Website: http://manajemen-pembiayaankesehatan.net
Reportase
PKMK-Jogja. Berita defisit dari BPJS Kesehatan membawa kita kearah kekhawatiran terjadinya permasalahan dalam pengelolaan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Kekhawatiran ini terjadi karena dana JKN cenderung dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat yang mampu. Salah satunya diakibatkan klaim di rumah sakit yang tidak ada batasnya. Klaim yang tinggi dari peserta mandiri disinyalir menjadi penyebab tingginya klaim di rumah sakit. Kemungkinan kedua, masyarakat tidak mampu cenderung sulit dalam mengakses pemberi pelayanan kesehatan. Prof. dr Laksono Trisnantoro, M. Sc, PhD, dosen dan peneliti PKMK FK UGM menyatakan bahwa kali ini tim peneliti UGM mengusung tema pemerataan dan akses dalam monitoring program JKN.
Seminar yang diselenggarakan hari Rabu, 1 Februari 2017, menghadirkan tiga ahli keilmuan yang berbeda untuk melihat bagaimana pelaksanaan JKN sejak tahun 2014. Prof. dr Laksono Trisnantoro, M. Sc, PhD dari Fakultas Kedokteran, Prof. Wihana Karya Jaya dari Fakultas Ekonomi dan Prof. Purwo Santoso dari Fakultas Fisipol. Kegiatan ini merupakan rangkaian Monitoring dan Evaluasi JKN tahun 2017 yang menjadi bagian program rutin Pusat Kebijakan dan Manajemen Kesehatan. Prof. Laksono menyatakan bahwa Monitoring dan Evaluasi penting dilakukan untuk mengkritisi pelaksanaan JKN, salah satunya dilihat dari ideologi yang mendasari kebijakan JKN. Kebijakan JKN tidak hanya dibiayai dari pengumpulan premi atau iuran peserta, namun masih ada kemungkinan solusi lain untuk membiayai kebijakan JKN, yaitu dengan menaikkan pajak penghasilan secara progresif. Namun, kebijakan pengenaan pajak yang tinggi ini berlaku bagi orang yang kaya karena yang paling diuntungkan dalam pelayanan JKN sementara ini yaitu orang kaya yang cenderung lebih banyak mengakses fasilitas kesehatan.
Dari sisi Ekonom, Prof. Wihana Karya Jaya menyatakan ideologi adalah keyakinan yang dianut bersama berdasarkan konvensi atau kesepakatan bersama. Ideologi juga yang menjadi modal sosial yang mempengaruhi keputusan. Ideologi juga mendorong etos kerja warga agar mampu menampilkan performance terbaiknya. Jika performance sudah baik, maka akan tercipta governance atau tata kelola yang baik.
Sementara menurut ahli ilmu politik, Prof. Purwo Santoso menyatakan siap yang bertanggung jawab untuk menjangkau masyarakat didaerah terpencil. Ini memunculkan masalah kelembagaan. Terjadi gap antara ideologi dan praktek atau implementasi di masyarakat. Maka, perlu dilihat lagi apakah akses jalan, infrastruktur dan hal terkait menjadi tanggung jawab di Kementrian Kesehatan? Dan seberapa jauh tanggung jawab dari BPJS Kesehatan? Ini merupakan salah satu contoh implementasi undang-undang atau peraturan yang kurang baik di Indonesia. Fakta ini terjadi seiring pemahaman mengenai ideologi dan UU SJSN yang belum sama.
Faktanya jika infrastruktur baik, maka pelayanan menjadi lebih efisien. Prof. Purwo juga setuju dengan pernyataan Prof. Laksono bahwa yang paling berhak dan prioritas menerima pelayanan JKN justru masih tidak terjangkau oleh tata kelola atau kebijakan yang ada. “Maka, apakah dislokasi ini patut disebut berkah atau petaka?”, tambah Prof. Purwo. Disusul dengan anekdot, orang miskin menyubsidi orang kaya, ini kedermawanan dan eksploitasi?.
Dr. drg. Julita Hendrartini menyatakan ada indikasi tidak sinkronnya UU SJSN yang contributory welfare state dan UUD 1945 yang mengusung ideologi welfare state. Apakah perlu kita melihat kembali pemaham ini? Prof. Laksono menutup seminar bahwa kita belum mampu menerjemahkan contributory welfare state yang termuat dalam UU SJSN hingga tahun ke-3 ini.
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