Forum Masyarakat Praktisi mengenai Kontrak di Sektor Kesehatan (2)

Dalam web ini, telah terbentuk Masyarakat Praktisi (Community of Practice) tentang Sistem Kontrak di pelayanan kesehatan.

Tujuan (misi) Masyarakat Praktisi ini adalah:

Membahas mengenai konsep sistem kontrak dan kerjasaman dengan sektor swasta dalam sektor kesehatan;
Membahas pengalaman-pengalaman (best & bad practices) di Indonesia dan dunia dalam melakukan sistem kontrak di pelayanan kesehatan;
Mendorong tersusunnya kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah untuk mengggunakan kerjasama sama dengan lembaga swsata atau antar lembaga untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakat;
Mendorong penggunaan konsep sistem kontrak di lembaga anggota CoP untuk meningkatkan kinerja lembaga.

Siapa anggota CoP ini?

Pimpinan dan Staf Pemerintah Pusat-Kementerian Kesehatan/Pemerintah Propinsi/Pemerintah Kabupaten yang terkait dengan opsi sistem kontrak;
Pimpinan LSM atau perusahaan yang bergerak dalam pelayanan kesehatan;
Peneliti dan akademisi;
Pengelola lembaga-lembaga donor.
dan semua pihak yang mempunyai minat dalam aplikasi sistem kontrak di pelayanan kesehatan.

Keanggotaan Masyarakat Praktisi ini bersifat terbuka. Namun bagi anda yang ingin mendapatkan alert melalui WA atau e-mail harap mendaftar sebagai anggota aktif. klik untuk Pendaftaran

Kegiatan Masyarakat Praktis ini akan dilakukan bertahun-tahun, seiring dengan perkembangan aplikasi system kontrak di sektor kesehatan. Dalam kegiatan jangka pendek ada diskusi yang dibagi dalam beberapa periode. Silahkan klik pada bagian Arsip Diskusi disertai pula dengan pertemuan-pertemuan ilmiah tatap muka dan Policy Brief yang dihasilkan. Disamping itu pengelola web juga menyediakan berbagai referensi utuk sistem kontrak yang dapat di klik pada tab perpustakaan.

Diskusi di web

Arsip Diskusi I (23 Juni - 12 Juli 2015)

Arsip Diskusi II (13 Juli - 13 September 2015)

Arsip Diskusi III (26 oktober - 29 November 2015)

Referensi Terkait Isu Kontrak di Sektor Kesehatan.

Ameli, O., and Newbrander, W. (2008). Contracting for health services: effects of utilization and quality on the costs of the Basic Package of Health Services in Afghanistan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. [Online] 86(12). p.920-928. Available from: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/12/08-053108.pdf?ua=1

Arur, A., Peters, D., Hansen, P., Mashkoor, M.A., Steinhardt, L.C., and Burnham, G. (2010). Contracting for health and curative care use in Afghanistan between 2004 and 2005. Health Policy and Planning. [Online] 25. p.135-144. Available from:
http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2009/10/22/heapol.czp045.full.pdf+html

Bath, R., Maheshwari, S., and Saha, S. (2007). Contracting-out of reproductive and child health (RCH) services through mother NGO scheme in India: experiences and implications. [pdf] Available at:
http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/publications/data/2007-01-05_rbhat.pdf

Baqui, A.H., Rosecrans, A.M., Williams, E.K., Agrawal, P.K., Ahmed, S., Darmstadt, G.L., Kumar, V., Kiran, U., Panwar, D., Ahuja, R.C., Srivastava, V.K., Black, R.E., and Santosham, M. (2008). NGO facilitation of a government community-based maternal and neonatal health programme in rural India: improvements in equity. Health Policy and Planning. [Online] 23. p.234-243. Available from: http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/4/234.full.pdf+html

Bloom, E., King, E., Bhushan I., Kremer, M., Clingingsmith, D., Loevinsohn, B., Hong, R., and Schwartz, J.B. (n.d.). Contracting for health: evidence from Cambodia. [pdf] Available at:
http://www.brookings.edu/views/papers/kremer/20060720cambodia.pdf

Bruttel, O. (2005). Contracting-out and governance mechanisms in the public employment service. [pdf] Available at:
http://skilylla.wzb.eu/pdf/2005/i05-109.pdf

Cockcroft, A., Khan, A., Ansari, N.M., Omer, K., Hamel, C., and Andersson, N. (2011). Does contracting of health care in Afghanistan work? Public and service-users' perceptions and experience. BMC Health Services Research. [Online] 11(Suppl 2). p.511. Available from:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/11/S2/S11

Connor, C. (2000). Contracting non-governmental organizations for HIV/AIDS: Brazil case study. Special Initiative Report No. 30. [pdf] Available at:
http://www.abtassociates.com/reports/sir30fin.pdf

Cristia, J. P., Evans, W. N., and Kim, B. (2012). Improving the health coverage of the rural poor: does contracting out medical mobile teams work? Discussion Paper Series No. 1203. [pdf] Available at:
http://econ.korea.ac.kr/~ri/WorkingPapers/w1203.pdf

Elovainio, R., and Perrot, J. (2008). Consultation on strategic contracting in health systems. [pdf] Available at:
http://www.who.int/contracting/Synthesis_EN_WEB.pdf

Heard, A., Awasthi, M.K., Ali, J., Shukla, N., and Forsberg, B.C. (2011). Predicting performance in contracting basic health care to NGOs: experience from large-scale contracting in Uttar Pradesh, India. Health Policy and Planning. [Online] 26. p.113-119. Available from: http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/suppl_1/i13.full.pdf+html

Lember, V. (2005). Implementing contracting out of public services: lessons from Estonia. [pdf] Available at:
http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN021841.pdf

Liu, X., Hotchkiss, D.R., Bose, S., Bitran, R., and Giedion, U. (2004). Contracting for primary health services: evidence on its effects and a framework for evaluation. . [pdf] Available at:
http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/tcc/meeting_documents/hotchkiss_et_al.pdf

Liu, X., Hotchkiss, D.R., and Bose, S. (2008). The effectiveness of contracting-out primary health care services in developing countries: a review of the evidence. Health Policy and Planning. [Online] 23. p.1-13. Available from:
http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/1/1.full.pdf+html

Loevinshon, B. (n.d.). Contracting for delivery of primary health care in Cambodia: design and initial experience of a large pilot-test. [pdf] Available at:
http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PaperLinks/745.pdf

Loevinshon, B., and Harding, A. (2004). Contracting for the delivery of community health services: a review of global experience. [pdf] Available at:
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/

Loevinshom, B., and Harding, A. (2005). Buying results? Contracting for health service delivery in developing countries. [pdf] Available at:
http://www.cgdef.org/doc/ghprn/Lancet_harding.pdf

Loevinsohn, B. (2008). Performance-based contracting for health services in developing countries, a tool kit. [pdf] Available at:
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTHSD/Resources/topics/415176-1216235459918/ContractingEbook.pdf

Lönnroth, K., Uplekar, M., and Blanc, L. (2006). Hard gains through soft contracts: productive engagement of private providers in tuberculosis control. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. [Online] 84(11). p.876-883. Available from:
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/84/11/06-029983.pdf

Mills, A., and Broomberg, J. (1998). Experiences of contracting health services: An overview of the literature. [pdf] Available at:
http://www.hefp.lshtm.ac.uk/publications/downloads/working_papers/01_998.pdf

Nigenda, G.H., and Gonzalěz, L.M. (2009). Contracting private sector providers for public health services in Jalisco, Mexico: perspectives of system actors. Human Resources for Health. [Online] 7(79). Available from:
http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/pdf/1478-4491-7-79.pdf

Perrot, J. (2004). The role of contracting in improving health systems performance. [pdf] Available at:
http://www.who.int/contracting/the_role_of_contract_dp_e_04_1.pdf

Perrot, J. (2006a). Is contracting a form of privatization? Bulletin of the World Health Organization. [Online] 84(11). p.910-913. Available from:
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/84/11/06-032342.pdf

Perrot, J. (2006b). Different approaches in contracting in health systems. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. [Online] 84(11). p.859-866. Available from:
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/84/11/06-034314.pdf

Randive, B., Chaturvedi, S., and Mistry, N. (2012). Contracting in specialists for emergency obstetric care – Does it work in rural India? BMC Health Service Research. [Online] 12(485). Available from:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/12/485

Schwartz, J. B., and Bushan, I. (u.d). Cambodia: using contracting to reduce inequity in primary health care delivery. [pdf] Available at:
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPAH/Resources/Reaching-the-poor/Ch8.pdf

Siddiqi, S., Masud, T. I., and Sabri, B. (2006). Contracting but not without caution: experience with outsourcing of health services in countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. [Online] 84(11). p.867-875. Available from:
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/84/11/06-033027.pdf

WHO News. (2006). Contracting and health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. [Online] 84(11). p.850-851. Available from:
www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/84/11/who_news.pdf

World Health Assembly. (2003). The role of contractual arrangements in improving health systems' performance. Resolution of the World Health Assembly, Fifty-sixth World Health Assembly, WHA56.25. [pdf] Available at:
http://www.who.int/contracting/resolution_en.pdf

World Health Organization. (2004). Contracting for health services, lesson from New Zealand. . [pdf] Available at:
http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/B7DB4D58-7E19-4884-BD63-6F90D2DC1C47/0/contracting_for_health.pdf

World Health Organization. (2005). Application of contracting in health systems: Key messages. Technical Brief for Policy-Makers Number 4. [pdf] Available at:
http://www.who.int/contracting/pb_number_4_en.pdf

Zurn, P., and Adams, O. (2004). A framework for purchasing health care labor. [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 23 December 2008].
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/

PENGANTAR DISKUSI TAHAP IV

Mengacu kepada kebijakan Rencana Penggunaan Kenaikan Anggaran Kementerian Kesehatan RI Tahun 2016, peluang implementasi Sistem Kontrak di Sektor Kesehatan sangat terbuka di level provinsi dan kabupaten/kota. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena alokasi DAK Kesehatan & Keluarga Berencana tahun 2016 meningkat menjadi Rp. 19,6 T (Catatan: tahun 2015 hanya Rp. 6,8 T). Dana DAK Kesehatan tersebut dapat digunakan untuk kegiatan non fisik. Dalam BOK misalnya bisa untuk kegiatan outreach (ANC, KB, Neonatal, Bayi, Program penanggulangan ATM, Penanggulangan Gizi Buruk, Penyediaan Air Bersih).

MATERI SESJEN KEMENKES

Kegiatan outreach ini bisa kurang optimal dilaksanakan akibat terbatasnya jumlah SDM dan tingginya beban kerja di puskesmas. Meskipun Kementerian Kesehatan tahun 2016 berencana untuk meningkatkan jumlah penugasan tim ke daerah dan penugasan khusus 5 jenis tenaga preventif dan promotif, tetapi tentu belum cukup untuk mengatasi kendala yang ada dan belum tentu sesuai dengan kebutuhan daerah. Dalam hal ini, daerah tentu lebih tahu kebutuhannya. Dengan alokasi DAK yang lebih besar (belum lagi dari APBD "murni"), peluang untuk melakukan inovasi (termasuk contracting out) sangat dimungkinkan.

Untuk dapat "menangkap" peluang tersebut, IAKMI telah didorong untuk mempersiapkan diri sebagai calon provider dalam Forum Ilmiah Tahunan IAKMI di Bandung 22-23 Oktober 2015 yang lalu. Selain IAKMI, diharapkan LSM dan organisasi nirlaba lainnya berpotensi untuk itu.

Berangkat dari konteks demikian, tema Diskusi Tahap IV Masyarakat Praktisi (CoP) Aplikasi Sistem Kontrak di Sektor Kesehatan adalah "Bagaimana kesiapan calon provider untuk menjadi pelaksana kontrak, dan apa yang harus dilakukan oleh calon provider untuk itu?"

Salam,
Dwi Handono Sulistyo (Moderator)

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